The Grapes of Wrath: Mastering Symbolism in John Steinbeck's Classic

John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath is a timeless classic that remains as relevant today as it was when it was first published in 1939. The book tells the story of the Joad family as they are forced to leave their Oklahoma farm for California in search of a better life during the Great Depression. The novel is a beautifully written and thought-provoking piece of literature that makes masterful use of symbolism to carry its overarching themes of hope, resilience, and the ever-present struggle between the powerful and the downtrodden.

In this blog post, we will explore some of the key symbols employed by Steinbeck and how they contribute to the richness and depth of The Grapes of Wrath.

The Turtle

The symbolic presence of a turtle appears early in the novel and carries with it a wealth of meaning. The turtle is a representation of both the Joad family and the larger group of migrants that share their struggle. As it slowly and laboriously makes its way across the road, it is repeatedly knocked back and impeded by obstacles, much like the human characters of the novel. Despite being run over and flipped upside-down, the turtle never gives up and continues on its journey. This is a clear symbol of the determination and resilience of the migrant workers who, despite countless setbacks, will continue to push forward in search of a better life.

Rose of Sharon’s Pregnancy

Throughout The Grapes of Wrath, Rose of Sharon’s pregnancy serves as a powerful symbol of hope for the Joad family. The Joads’ journey is, in part, motivated by a desire to set up a new life for the unborn child, who represents the potential for growth and renewal in the harsh and unforgiving world they inhabit. However, as Rose of Sharon tragically loses her baby at the end of the novel, this symbol of hope is stripped away, and Steinbeck forces readers to question whether the Joads’ journey was ultimately in vain.

The Dust

The dust that forces the Joad family off their Oklahoma farmland is another persistent symbol throughout the novel. The dust, which represents both economic and environmental devastation, is indicative of the erosion of the agricultural way of life that once sustained families like the Joads. As a symbol, it serves to remind readers of the crushing impact of industrialization and the relentless pursuit of profit that contributes to the Joads’ plight.

The Route 66 Highway

The Route 66 highway is more than just the physical path the Joads and other migrants follow in their journey west; it is a symbol of the collective hopes and dreams of the thousands of people who traversed it during the Great Depression. The highway becomes a sort-of pilgrimage route, where struggling families seek redemption, rebirth, and a better life.

Ma Joad’s Resolute Spirit

Ma Joad is the rock upon which the Joad family is built, and her unwavering determination to keep the family together is symbolic of the spirit of all who face extreme hardship. Her level-headed resolve and compassion ultimately serve as an inspirational beacon for the Joads and other migratory families as they struggle to forge a future amid the wreckage of the past.

In conclusion, the symbols found in The Grapes of Wrath speak to some of the larger issues of human resilience, hope, and struggle during the Great Depression era. John Steinbeck’s masterful use of symbolism is one of the driving forces behind the novel’s lasting relevance and impact, making it a must-read literature classic.